BROILERS PRODUCTION

BROILERS

The term broiler is applied to chicks that have been bred for rapid growth. Broiler strains are based on hybrid crosses between Cronish Whitem New Haspshire and White Plymouth Rock. In broiler production, there are 2 main production phases.

1. Keeping of parent stock and production of day-old-chicken (D.O.C) and

2. Growing and finishing of broilers

The main factors of economic interest in broilers are to attain market of 1.6 to 2Kg in eight weeks, good body conformation, high efficiency of feed utilization and low mortality. The broilers consume about 4.5Kg feed with a conservation efficiently of 2:1 to 5:1, the faster the growth rate the better the efficiency. Feed account for 70% or more of the cost of producing broilers. Mortality should not exceed 5% to minimize the cost of chicks which accounts for up o 20-25% of the productions cost of broilers.

Broilers require higher levels of certain nutrients like protein with the amino acids

and also energy. Broilers chicks require a higher starting temperature of about 35^o C reduced gradually to environmental temperature. The broiler can be store at the higher rate with higher ventilation rate and a narrow house not exceeding 7.2m. free of internal fittings and partitions that may impede straight-through ventilation. Traditionally, broilers are reared on deep litters, cage is rarely used except if it for experimental purpose. The floor must not be too hard because it can cause breast blisters, cyst-like growths on the keel which disfigure and cause carcass downgrading. Mass brooding is good for broilers and heat may be provided by hot air flowing across the floor with a progressive drop in temperature as the birds grow older. A batch system of broiler production involves the cropping of all the chicks at one time and thorough cleaning and fumigation of the house.

POUSSINS AND CAPON POULTRY FARMING

POUSSINS These consist of male or female chicks but usually they are male by products or hatcheries. Raising these males is the alternative to killing them after sexing day old chicks; that is if the makes are of fast growing strain, they are raised separately from females and given broiler diets while the females are given pullet-rearing diets. Occasionally, both males and female may raise as poussins. A popular system for rearing these birds is the tier or battery brooder. These brooders must be designed to have enough head-room or else the chicks should be transferred to the floor for the remaining two weeks of brooding. They are fed on starter diet throughout the period. CAPONS The capon is a fowl which has been surgically or chemically treated A CAPON so as to remove the action of male hormones or increase the action of female hormones. The testes of the males may be surgically removed while both males and females may be given hormone preparations, usually oe

PREPARATION FOR BROODING CHICKS

PREPARATION FOR BROODING CHICKS The preparation for brooding chicks should start from about two weeks before the chicks are received. This is to avoid a last minute rush. The appliance should be moved out and thoroughly washed with a recommended disinfectant solution, like quaternary ammonia, and then allowed to dry. The litter should be completely swept out since any remnant could reduce the strength of the disinfectant subsequently used to wash the floor. Washing require a hot solution to detergent, under pressure, using a jet stream from a high pressure washing unit. The floor is then rinsed with disinfection. All crevices should be thoroughly penetrated and caked-up litter dislodged. The house then be sealed up and fumigated. (The open sided buildings used in the tropics do not easily land themselves to this treatment). The cobwebs and dust on the wooding frames should be properly cleaned before the litter is swept out of the floor of the house. In the case of tie

POULTRY FARMING

WHAT IS POULTRY? Poultry is domesticated birds which are used for meat, egg, feather purposes or sometimes the manure as well as for game purposes. Examples of poultry birds Turkey, duck, chicken, guinea fowl etc. What is poultry farming? Poultry farming is an act of rearing birds used for agricultural purposes Poultry is a monogastric (Non-ruminant family) in order words, they are called simple stomach animals. POULTRY PRODUCTION Poultry is kept for the production of eggs and meat. Poultry is kept in most areas of the world and provide an acceptable form of animal protein to most people throughout the world. During the last decade, many developing countries have adopted intensive poultry production in order to meet the demand for this form of animal protein. Intensively kept poultry is seen as a way of rapidly increasing animal protein supplies for rapidly increasing urban populations: poultry are able to adapt to most areas of the world, are relatively low pri

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